[PS1MR]
Did I tell you what 's on my desk downsta , I told you did n't I ? I did n't take [UNCLEAR] did I ? What 's on my desk downstairs right at this moment ?
WMN: F7U_567
Dialogue: F7U
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
You 'll like this !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Is that sealed ? I bet you 're right . What is on my desk at this moment ? Two Abel Barder 's books .
[F7UPS000]
Oh yeah .
[PS1MR]
Is n't that sad ? Is n't that sad ? And I 'm actually admitting publicly that there are two Abel Barder 's books on my desk downstairs ! And I had a [UNCLEAR] . And you think it 's sad ? I 'm a bit worried you ! You 've gone over all quiet ! I do n't think [UNCLEAR] . Just not sure of [UNCLEAR] . I thought of Christine [ANONYMIZATION] .
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR] making it !
[PS1MR]
Oh , I meant to bring that with me !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
Which has a complication . And [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
We 'll do the questions and answers today children ! Right ! Stuart [ANONYMIZATION] ! Mister ! You 're very quiet there Stuart ! [UNCLEAR] Chris [ANONYMIZATION]
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah !
[PS1MR]
as long as your enthusiastic about being here !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
That 's why I like [UNCLEAR] ! Actually that might spring better . Tracey [ANONYMIZATION] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Get it right ! Ann [ANONYMIZATION] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Hello ! Good ! Daniel !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Congratulations ! Sooner or later ! Jonathan !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
He 's scra you sa , you said that without moving your lips ! That was brilliant !
[F7UPSUNK]
I know , [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
And Jason .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yep .
[PS1MR]
And Matthew . Matthew without a voice ! Kenton [UNCLEAR] and Joe !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
And Steven [ANONYMIZATION] .
[F7UPSUNK]
On holiday .
[PS1MR]
I 'll fool them , I 'll lock that door !
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[PS1MR]
He always comes in that way does n't he ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Ha ! [UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
Right people ! Two things to do with you today mainly one is to whip through at least part of the isomers work and , I say part of it because you 'll be coming back to other parts of it a bit later on when you 've , for example , [UNCLEAR] we 'll coming back to erm , [UNCLEAR] isomers work . And at various stages during the organic you 'll also be coming to what we call optical isomers . What I need to do is to go through them with you and make sure you fully understand what they what their origins are etcetera because isomers we base the questions are very very common so I 'll be able to talk about marks . And what do marks make ?
[F7UPS000]
Prizes .
[PS1MR]
Prizes , yes a prize of that little envelope says whoopee you have passed ! It does n't actually say that , it just gives a [UNCLEAR] but if you say whoopee I have passed . Not me , cos I 've already passed , but you . Yes .
[F7UPSUNK]
Are you gon na do passing ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right , I want to go through isomerism and then go straight onto the erm e , go strai glad you made [UNCLEAR] , a bit late but er
[F7UPSUNK]
I thought it was [UNCLEAR] ? Sorry .
[PS1MR]
You think it might be ? Actually , actually it 's a good one ! Michael , now that is a superstar !
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm mm .
[PS1MR]
Er some of you wo n't understand that . Are you a superstar ?
[F7UPSUNK]
I do n't think so but [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
He 's fa , he 's famous ! Fame , he 's on the poster ! Quite genuine !
[F7UPSUNK]
You are serious ?
[PS1MR]
Absolutely ge , Stuart is that true ? That , Stuart never lies ! He 's going to Cambridge so never lies !
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Is that true ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Sorry ! Right , so , let's go over isomers and then start on the hydro-carbons in some detail and pi the first mechanism , we 're talking about mechanisms general as well . As far as mechanistic [UNCLEAR] is concerned you have n't got to do an awful lot . There are only about six mechanisms you actually need to know . One of those you 've already met in detail in terms of kinetics as that was the idea of [UNCLEAR] reaction was n't it Chris ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yep .
[PS1MR]
Yep ! The other one also came up in kinetics and that 's this business of nucleus nuclear filmic substitution .
[F7UPSUNK]
That 's [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Sorry ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
That side you get the filleca take that 's right , Yes !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
More .
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR] sume , assume . Erm alright , it 's alright Chris it 's alright ! It 's all beyond you Chris , I know !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
It would be easier , be easier
[PS1MR]
It 's all beyond me at the moment as well ! Right , so , if I just start on isomers across the board . Now , you must remember , in the link sheet make sure you back up whatever you 're getting here . Make sure you back it up with the exercises . And , of course , you do have to log it , one of those various exercises and so on . If you do n't log it I 'll assume you have n't and can I point out to you there 's parent 's evening coming up very soon , thank you very much ! And I 'll have a chance yet again , to talk to your mummies and daddies before yo you actually take your final exams .
[F7UPSUNK]
What happens if you kill your mummy and daddy ?
[PS1MR]
Pardon ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What if you kill your mummy and daddy ?
[PS1MR]
If you kill your mummy and daddy I 'll have to talk to you Peter !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
You better resuscitate them [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
It 's far better to erm keep your mummies and daddies live or at least , you know , do a psycho job ! With the stuff that we [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Ma [UNCLEAR] already !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
Right children ! First of all Tracey you can have the first opportunity to show how little you know .
[F7UPSUNK]
Sorry , [UNCLEAR] this , [UNCLEAR] it on here .
[PS1MR]
Sorry [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right yo
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Oh no , must n't [UNCLEAR] ! How your knowledge is in millimetres , no I must n't use millimetres !
[F7UPSUNK]
Makes up the usual thing !
[PS1MR]
She 's had a lot to drink ! She 's had a lot of [UNCLEAR] off me today . That 's , ah , she 's she 's took it well ! She 's not talking to me mind , but she 's took it well ! Right if I put the word
[F7UPSUNK]
Shit !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Erm thank you !
[F7UPSUNK]
The word [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
By the word I describe what does that suggest to you Trace ? Er speak nicely cos
[F7UPSUNK]
Because
[PS1MR]
you 're being recorded !
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's a like er using the same components but put together in a different way . Like different
[F7UPSUNK]
No !
[F7UPSUNK]
different ways of putting it 's hard to explain . [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's this
[F7UPSUNK]
Karma Sutra that is !
[PS1MR]
But no
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
that was a good try Tracey !
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
That 's a good try ! Emma . Let's get the other half of the female vote . Do n't suck your thumb dear ! It 's so [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Erm
[PS1MR]
What 's an isomer ?
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's something about [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Have n't got a clue !
[PS1MR]
No this is quite serious now !
[F7UPSUNK]
No I do n't really know . Erm
[PS1MR]
Choose somebody Emma .
[F7UPSUNK]
Daniel .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh shit !
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Danny , I was right . Your turn Daniel , what 's an isomer ?
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's it 's got the same nuclear format .
[PS1MR]
Right , first of all they 're compounds make sure you take these down please . Compounds with the same molecular formula . And obviously therefore , cos they obviously therefore , they 've got the same improvements on here as well . They 're the same molecular formula but now what 's the but , Chris ? Daniel 's done the hard bit for you what 's the but ?
[F7UPSUNK]
You 've got imperfect ones that does n't match erm
[PS1MR]
I just said they had the same molecular formula
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh right .
[PS1MR]
Christopher !
[F7UPSUNK]
Er [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
The same molecular formula but
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
let's put a word in for you . Different
[F7UPSUNK]
Structures .
[PS1MR]
Er yeah , okay . Let's , let's say different structural formulae . In other words , the atoms are actually arranged in a different way . They 're bonded together in different ways . Now , there 's two main classes of isomerism and do n't just exclude er , or do n't just include organic isomers cos we ge get organic isomers as well . You get occurring in yo , in your organic [UNCLEAR] . Especially [UNCLEAR] actually . And you 'll meet some of them when we actually do that area . But generally there are two main classes of isomerism that we deal with and very much like , like the classification on hydro-carbons that I did , there 's a whole variety of ways they can be classified that you 've seen . This is just one model .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
This seems to work well most seem to fit into it nicely . First of all , we have what we call structural isomers , a whole group of structural isomers . And then we have a group of two which are described as stereo isomers . Now , the thing about those two words what do you think , stereo isomers is all about , without actually saying a specific type of isomer ? What does it tend to suggest ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What is it [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Nope !
[F7UPSUNK]
Two forms at once . More than one form of isomer .
[PS1MR]
Well that 's for the isomers anyway is n't it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
I know what you 're saying . You 're getting close cos you 're concentrat , or you should be concentrating on the wo , on the part of the word , stereo .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Simultaneously .
[PS1MR]
No , not really . It 's all about space . If I stereo isomers
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
have a similarity in that they exist because of spatial aspects . And you 'll come to understand exactly what I mean by that it 's all about three dimensional space . Where structural isomers are literally what the word suggests they have different structures different ways of linking the atoms together . [UNCLEAR] . But the stereo isomers are all about three dimensional space , that 's how they tend to differ as you 'll see . Let's start the structural isomers , and we can use this as an opportunity to look at some aspects of the [UNCLEAR] . Now , you should all still be working through the [UNCLEAR] on a continuous basis . I am aware that , I am aware of actually two people in the second year who have never used it so far . Now , those two people or others who have n't used it much you really must get into this disc ! It 's the easy way to learn or it 's easy , it 's easy way to understand and then learn the megiture . You have to have a stu , a good familiarity with organic momegiture if you do n't , you could be throwing marks away even before you get in that exam room ! Cos there will be aspects where you will have to use momegiture . That they ask you specific questions of that naming it 's a multi-choice more importantly in your written answers you will have to in , you are expected to include and correct systematic ohms for any organics that you deal with . Plus , of course , it means you 're gon na go back in that direction so if they say something like erm two chlorapropane [UNCLEAR] active with you need to be able to get structural formula from that name . So you really have got to get to grips with it ! They 're something you should be using right the way up to the to the actual exams . And , there 's at least eight discs available at the present time , and more could be made available . Not for your own use I hasten to add ! They 've set up , increased the numbers of discs in the library in the workshop er , there 's no increasing them up here cos there 's , we need to buy a computer , but certainly up [UNCLEAR] and in the workshop and in the library . You must hit it on a regular basis ! It 's the easiest way to get to grips with it . And those of yo you who 've been doing it for some time will now realise how easy it has made the momegiture . You learning without even realising you 're learning it . Right , so let's start the structural , now there 's a whole range of different types of structural isomers . Position positional isomers branch chain functional group and there 's one other odd one which has a very peculiar name and the name it normally goes by is a fairly old name , now I 'm not sure at this stage if that name is still used but what I 'll do is to describe the form of the isomerism first and let you decide what you would prefer to call it . In fact , i it does suggest one of these other types of these isomerism depends how you view a functional group . But I 'll tell you the name that is used , or was used afterwards , but I do n't know if that name is still used I certainly have n't seen it in a text book in years ! But it is a genuine form of isomers but you may like to include into one of the others . Well that 's entirely up to you , but we 'll see how we go with that . Right , let's start with position isomerism . Now , position isomerism is all about the position of the groups or the position of functional groups so it 's not just necessarily groups on their own it could be functional groups . Now , I 've made a distinction between those , in other words a group maybe a methile group now , methile group is not a functional group it 's not something that dictates the properties of a compound , necessarily . And the influences that does n't dictate and a functional group does . Where as a functional group might be , for example , a no age group which does tend to dictate the properties of that compound . So there is a difference between using the word group and functional group . Also now I tend , as you 've probably come to realise I 've tended to include specific types of bonding arrangements as a functional group for example , I call a carbon carbon double bond , I call that a functional group for the simple reason that that arrangement of bonds dictates the principle properties of those compounds and in that context I 'm then using the word group a bit more liberally instead of saying it 's a group of atoms which dictate the properties I 'll say it 's a group of atoms or it 's a special grouping of electrons , which dictate the properties . Yeah ? And so did yo , can you see the difference between those ? So there 's all those sorts of possibilities . Now , let's look at some examples and get you to name some of them as well . Positional isomerism is very obvious the only thing you have to watch out for , if the give you structural formulae especially multi-choice papers they 're buggers they are when they , when they do this sometimes ! They they may draw the same compound but making the same structural formula , but drawn slightly differently ! And I tend to draw , most o , most of us tend to draw them as straight lines with branches coming off they may actually show the chain as a twisted chain or zig-zag chain or going in to form a square or something ! So , you really do need to understand the megditure in order to be able to say , oh yes , those two compounds are the same ! Just been drawn differently . You really have to watch that ! So , let's start with position isomers and some examples and try and select examples using these . What I 'm gon na to , what I , what I intend to do is just show the [UNCLEAR] skeleton in other words , most times I 'll tend to do [UNCLEAR] right ? Just a quick and easy way of doing it . Let's take this example here I 've got a carbon chain there and I 'm going to put a methile group there and I 'm going to put a methile group there two , three that [UNCLEAR] . Identical chain again let's have a methile group there and one there let's do one more of those a methile group there and a methile group there . Now , in terms of naming these always you go for the longest straight shape that you can , by straight straight really is in inverted commas what we should really say the longest continuous chain that you can find in other words , you 'd have to go back on yourself . Now , if you look at all of these and find the longest chain we you can actually get in that respect is a six chain , is n't it ? There 's nothing longer than a six . Do watch these examples I 'm putting up , by the way cos I muck these up
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
sometimes ! I find this a bit tedious to keep doing this , so I tend to you know , slip up sometimes
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
please check what I 'm doing . It 's called thinking ! I 've got this [UNCLEAR] I ca n't [UNCLEAR] that one ! Erm let's just take that chain in each case because it 's it is a [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
chain and we tend to read better , write horizontally [UNCLEAR] left , right , up a bit , down a bit across , down a bit , up a bit and so on . Let's pick someone completely at random , , now we 've had Tracey figuratively speaking !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
And Emma . So we 've done our what we should do , now we 're giving the ladies full consideration first with the gentlemen .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Have n't we Matthew ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Baa ah ah ah !
[PS1MR]
John [ANONYMIZATION] ! Would you like to name that compound for me there please ? I mean that 's not that 's not a request . As long as you understand that 's an instruction ! What would you call it ? Obviously it 's got ta be based on hexane is n't it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Two comma five di-methile hexate .
[PS1MR]
You want two comma five
[F7UPSUNK]
Dash .
[PS1MR]
dash
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah I was gon na say that !
[PS1MR]
Yeah , you were just testing me to see if I
[F7UPSUNK]
Ah well !
[PS1MR]
get it ! Dire methile probate , is that what you want ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No I said hexate .
[PS1MR]
Di-methile hectate ?
[F7UPSUNK]
X !
[PS1MR]
Dire methile hexate . Er , let's see Daniel silver glinting from his eyelids !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] dash dire methile
[PS1MR]
We , I have n't asked you the question !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Let me ask you the question first ! Will you explain why that 's correct ? If it is correct , do you agree with me ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Alright .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Why is it correct ?
[F7UPSUNK]
The two's there cos the mephile groups
[PS1MR]
Mephile , what 's mefile ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Mefalle !
[F7UPSUNK]
Methile .
[F7UPSUNK]
[F7UPSUNK]
Well one of them 's on the second one , and one 's on
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
the fifth one it 's [UNCLEAR] cos it 's ta , it 's [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
What you should be starting from is the longest chain .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Longest chain is the sixth chain so it 's gon na be based on a hexate .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
There are two methile groups one in position two , one in position five . Does it matter which end you start Kieran ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Hello !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Kieran ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No .
[PS1MR]
Oh no I go sorry that 's the answer ? Is that , that is your answer ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Is that your ar , no , you 're answer was no ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
It does n't matter which end you start from cos either way it , it 'll still be two , five . Er , Chris you s suddenly become extremely interested in what he 's writing !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Do his ostrich impression ! In other words , if I put my head down low enough he ca n't see me !
[F7UPSUNK]
No , I 'm trying to write my [UNCLEAR] down .
[PS1MR]
Yes Chris .
[F7UPSUNK]
Was is he gon na [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
We 'll wait , yes we will wait , that 's fine !
[F7UPSUNK]
I 'm writing .
[PS1MR]
I 'm , I 'm going to wait .
[F7UPSUNK]
I think we 've waited long enough !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Well that 's alright we 'll come back to Chris .
[F7UPSUNK]
No , it 's okay I 've done that now .
[PS1MR]
Oh good ! You 're , you 're ready to
[F7UPSUNK]
Well I 'll try and do that .
[PS1MR]
oh that 's awfully good of Chris , thank you ! Erm , what would you call that one Chris ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Er
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
You do n't need any help Christopher .
[F7UPSUNK]
Okay .
[PS1MR]
This is not a difficult
[F7UPSUNK]
Two
[PS1MR]
one !
[F7UPSUNK]
and then a three dash die
[PS1MR]
Three dash die ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , three dash die methile
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR] sounds like a bush !
[F7UPSUNK]
Er
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Come on look , I 'm listening ! These are not , but I am !
[F7UPSUNK]
Erm [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh ha !
[PS1MR]
No , no !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
No , see I , see I , alright , alright , no !
[F7UPSUNK]
Alright , okay , hold on , I know !
[PS1MR]
What ? Erm Jason !
[F7UPSUNK]
Er I 'd say four three four comma three no , that 'll be
[PS1MR]
Fine , thank you Jason !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Jonathan !
[F7UPSUNK]
Three , three die methile hexane . In between
[PS1MR]
Well let's
[F7UPSUNK]
the threes
[PS1MR]
let's get the grammar in as well . Three comma three
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , dash die methile
[PS1MR]
dash
[F7UPSUNK]
hexane .
[PS1MR]
die methile hexane . Yeah , you 're longest chain is a six so it could of been clearly based on hexane . And the two methile groups so it 's gon na be a die methile . It 's gon na be a , it 's gon na be a die methile hexane of some description now , to indicate the positions it 's either three or four , we take the lowest number both are on carbon number three
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
so it 's three comma three dash cos you have to indicate because you 've said die methile , you have to indicate where both of those groups are not just one . Alright ? That 's good ! Which means I should have the last one does n't it ? Emma , you were smiling or grimacing one of the two !
[F7UPSUNK]
Erm three comma four comma dash die methile
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
What ?
[PS1MR]
Yeah
[F7UPSUNK]
And comma !
[PS1MR]
Yeah , you 've got this right , yeah !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Three
[F7UPSUNK]
No !
[PS1MR]
comma
[F7UPSUNK]
they 're laughing at me !
[PS1MR]
four comma
[F7UPSUNK]
I ai n't done nothing !
[PS1MR]
dash Carry on Emma , you 're alright !
[F7UPSUNK]
die methile hexane .
[PS1MR]
die methile hexane . Anybody agree with that ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Missed one out .
[F7UPSUNK]
Missed the last one .
[PS1MR]
Anybody agree with that ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
No comma .
[PS1MR]
The alternative could be start from this end is still three four so it does n't matter . Now , these are examples of positional isomers just using ordinary groups they only differ in the position of those functional groups , sorry , of those groups . Now , in terms of functional group isomerism I 'm gon na take a slightly different example right let's take this one here first of all I 've now started to do what the examiners will do now I 'll make them identical structures there somewhere and you really do need to be able to name them in order to see where they are or if they are . Matthew [ANONYMIZATION] no aliases today ! Would you like to name that one please Matthew ? And again , that was n't a question ! Always start these off by considering what they would be if they were alkanes . So if that was an alkane that would be what ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Du n no [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Four carbons ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Yeah alright . Read these propenes . [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
If that was an alkane that would be a butane four carbons . [UNCLEAR] . This is an alcohol it has an O H group so it is a butanole but you have to indicate where the O H group actually is it 's either on four or it 's on one .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh yeah it is .
[PS1MR]
So you 'd name this as butane in other words , you 're saying it 's a butane chain you take off the E you will add O L and if there are positional isomers possible you have to indicate the position one O L butane one L one O L butane one O L.
[F7UPSUNK]
Butane one O L ?
[PS1MR]
Chris !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
What 's that one ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Butane one O L.
[PS1MR]
Exactly the same , right ! Er Kieran that one there ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Butane two O L.
[PS1MR]
Butane two O L. Stick with the question Mark !
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's an O L.
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
You say it as though you mean it ! Not
[F7UPSUNK]
Butane two O L ?
[PS1MR]
Not , Butane two O L , no you see , you [UNCLEAR] yourself [UNCLEAR] . Why is it Butane three O L Kieran ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Because you have to take the last number off it .
[PS1MR]
Take the last number , right . Erm Tracey that bottom one , can you
[F7UPSUNK]
Ooh er !
[PS1MR]
see it from there ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Sorry
[PS1MR]
Sorry !
[F7UPSUNK]
I 'm not sure .
[PS1MR]
Sorry , a tha , that was ac , that was completely [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
Pick somebody else ! Stop picking on me !
[F7UPSUNK]
Do you want your sticks ?
[PS1MR]
And that was completely unintentional !
[F7UPSUNK]
Pick on
[PS1MR]
But can you ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Pick on somebody else !
[PS1MR]
Tracey , talk at me !
[F7UPSUNK]
She is !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
That
[F7UPSUNK]
I am !
[PS1MR]
Where 's the pu , let's put it up there . No , I mean , quite seriously we 're gon na have these things removed cos lose er a third of the [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] anyway . Let's write it up here a bit .
[F7UPSUNK]
I can see it really .
[PS1MR]
Oh we , I was n't sure if yo , if you could .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] Oh ! Shall I just look past Matthew instead of trying to look through him !
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
I just look past Matthew !
[F7UPSUNK]
That was n't called for was it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What 's Matthew done to you lately ?
[PS1MR]
Right come on !
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Right longest chain longest chain you can find . Now with this
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
little compound you 've got to choose the chain that carries the functional group .
[F7UPSUNK]
Three , [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Right , listening children ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No .
[PS1MR]
You 've got to choose the chain that carries the functional group in this case . So
[F7UPSUNK]
And it
[PS1MR]
you 're looking at this chain here . So , that 's gon na be based on propane , three carbons .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah I know . Pro , is that propane one O L ? It 's the one
[PS1MR]
It would be
[F7UPSUNK]
next to the C.
[PS1MR]
propane wo , it would be propane one
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
O L but it 's a substituted propane one O L because you 're choosing this chain here it means that you 've got this group as the substituant and you 've replaced one of the hydros with a methile group .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[PS1MR]
So we start off by saying it 's based on propane there 's an O H group so it 's a propanol the O H is on carbon number one of that chain so it is a propane one O L. Yeah ? But , you 've also got a methile group on carbon two of that chain . Right ? So it 's gon na be two methile propane one O L agreed ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Dash methile is it three dash methile ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[PS1MR]
Two dash methile . Well yeah , you 're right , yes you 're right , no I should n't say that ! Yeah . Two dash methile propane dash [UNCLEAR] dash O L.
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Dash dash dot dot .
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR] do that get an SOS !
[F7UPSUNK]
How do you join the erm the methile and the propane together ? Is it a comma , is it a dash or what ? Or is it all one word ?
[PS1MR]
One word .
[F7UPSUNK]
Right .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Right now what would you call this ? And clearly these two here let's get rid of let's get rid of that . These two here are clearly position isomers . They only differ in the position of that O H group . What would you call this ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Branched out .
[PS1MR]
I mean where would you put it
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[PS1MR]
in terms of it 's classification ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Would you call it positional ? Or and can you call it positional ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Not really , can you ? Well
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
It is if you had the other compound where this O H group was on carbon number two as well then those two would be positional isomers cos their carbon skeleton would then be the same and all they would differ is in the position of the O H functional group . Yeah , so if you had if I try and draw it much the same if you had that and let's choose let's choose er , well le , let's keep the same let's keep to the same carbon chain if you had that the carbon skeleton is exactly the same the only way it differs is that the O H group here is on carbon one of that chain that we 've chosen where as here , it 's on carbon two of that chain . So , those two would be positional isomers .
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Yeah . But either one of these and what we 've already put up you ca n't really call them positional isomers cos the basic carbon skeleton is different . Can you see the difference between those [UNCLEAR] ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What 's this ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
If I got these two they are positional isomers because the carbon chain is the same and the only way they differ is in a position of a functional group .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
These two here are also positional isomers , there carbon chains are the same the only way they differ is in the position of the functional group . Yo , but you ca n't say that either one of these and either one of these are positional isomers cos their carbon skeletons are different . Yeah ? It 's a bit subtle . Right , finally something like a carbon carbon [UNCLEAR] just do a simple one they balance for the carbon skeleton these are true positional isomers , no other problem with them at all er erm ! Kempson what would you call this one ? Do n't cry ! I 'm sorry to ask you a question Kempson .
[F7UPSUNK]
Ca n't you be nice for once ?
[PS1MR]
I could n't be nice if I , I 've been an absolute swine today ! I really have been evil !
[F7UPSUNK]
Then you confuse him [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
I can have one of these now I 've been the worst I 've been for about six months I really [UNCLEAR] ! Ai n't I Trace ? If you think about this it 's based on the four carbon structure so you 've got ta have a few in the name there is a carbon carbon double bond so the basic structure we 've got is the Butane but as there is more than one position you could have that carbon carbon double bond now , to indicate this position and so this one would be called futes it would normally be a butane but to indicate it 's position bute one E and again you 're taking the lowest number so instead of it being a bute three , it 's a bute one E you start at the appropriate [UNCLEAR] . So this one would be called bute two E and so again , these are true positional isomers same carbon skeleton they differ in the position of the principle functional group , which in this case , has to be a special [UNCLEAR] electrons . Yeah . Right ! Branch chain isomerism What do you think branch chain isomer ber la la isomerism is Tracey ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Why me ?
[PS1MR]
I 'm not picking on , I just this is to help you ! I like to help you .
[F7UPSUNK]
Do n't be dirty Matthew !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's where you got the er the branch chains coming off of different positions .
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR] different branch even !
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[PS1MR]
Yeah , try to use the word position .
[F7UPSUNK]
Try not to or try to ?
[PS1MR]
Try to use the wo , try not to use the word position .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh alright .
[PS1MR]
Cos that takes you backwards . It 's things like this er , five my father 's getting excited !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right they are typical alkane branch chain isomers . They 're the same molecular formula the only way they differ is in the way the basic chain is structured . They 're all pentate . This one you would just call pentate . This one , your longest chain is a four chain so it 's based on butane and you have a methile group on carbon number two , taking the lowest number of carbon number two of that butane chain . So this would be a two methile because if that 's butane the methile butane [UNCLEAR] . This one here , your longest chain is a propane chain , a three [UNCLEAR] chain we 've now got two methile groups as substituants what would you call that Matthew ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh .
[F7UPSUNK]
[F7UPSUNK]
Methile [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh God !
[PS1MR]
Robin ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
What on your nose ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
No !
[PS1MR]
Yo you were looking at me Matthew how can you be writing something down !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] that 's the erm [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
What do you think Matthew ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Say it again cos I was n't listening .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
What do you think Matthew ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
Let's ask somebody else shall we ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Do you think that 's a good idea , let's ask somebody ask somebody else
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
let's ask Kieran .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Why does n't he ever ask [UNCLEAR] ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Right , Oh God ! Is it er
[F7UPSUNK]
Two [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
two dash two methile
[PS1MR]
Two da , two comma
[F7UPSUNK]
comma [UNCLEAR] methile
[PS1MR]
So , what do you say then ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Two comma , two dash methile
[F7UPSUNK]
die
[F7UPSUNK]
die methile
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Die methile
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right you got it wrong !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Longest chain ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Methile [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
die methile [UNCLEAR] . prop pan
[F7UPSUNK]
melthane
[F7UPSUNK]
You know you put an E under the first one , do you have to ?
[PS1MR]
No you do n't ! You can not put an E in front of this one ! That is not systematic momegliture that has gone like that for ten years universities still use it ! That is just called pentate it is not called E M penta any more equally you do n't have sec butile alcohol turk turt butile alcohol [UNCLEAR] they 've been out for ten years !
[F7UPSUNK]
It looks good !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Alright ? Right , now that is just pentate these are all pentates that is specifically pentate .
[F7UPSUNK]
Phew !
[PS1MR]
Right , so that 's an example of branch chain isomers . Now , functional group isomers what does this suggest Emma ? Do n't you swallow that goldfish !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Finish that up !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Penny saw them first ! Then , when you 've done that [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] cruel !
[PS1MR]
Unless it 's the golden wish ! Sorry ! Emma !
[F7UPSUNK]
What was the question ? What is fu fu functional group ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Have a guess .
[PS1MR]
Well wha wha wha what do you think we mean by functional group isomerism ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Erm it means they have the same functional group .
[PS1MR]
Er they do not , they in fact , have different functional groups .
[F7UPSUNK]
Okay , [UNCLEAR] different functional groups .
[PS1MR]
Same molecular formula
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
different functional groups . Yes . So , for example this one here , very close to Keith and Trevor this one here , the best possible thing we can give to Matthew . What do you think
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Uncle John [ANONYMIZATION] what 's that top compound what type of compound is it ? Aunty Tracey that bottom compound , what type of compound is that ? Tricky actually ! [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[PS1MR]
It 's neither one thing or the other .
[F7UPSUNK]
Either one thing [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , it 's me , methile .
[PS1MR]
It 's methile yes
[F7UPSUNK]
methile
[PS1MR]
absolutely right ! It 's a methile .
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
So here we have this what 's , this what Stevie [ANONYMIZATION] likes it gives him his his classic way of getting back at me !
[F7UPSUNK]
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
This is an alcohol this is an ether now while we 've got the opportunity we 'll talk about the naming of ethers before we get onto this this last form of structural isomerism . This if that O H group was not there the ethile [UNCLEAR] it 's an O H group so it 's an alcohol , so you take off the E , add O L and your positional number is not required . So , it would simply be ethanol for vodka , whisky , bacardi
[F7UPSUNK]
Ha !
[PS1MR]
meths Matthew !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Generally industrial meths is ethanol
[F7UPSUNK]
And it 's got methanol in it as well .
[PS1MR]
Industrial meths is ethanol !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
What you 're thinking of the pink stuff has the methanol in it !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
That 's why you go blind if you drink it
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
and that 's where the term blind drunk comes from . What is called industrial meths is ethanol .
[F7UPSUNK]
And [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Because that 's the old term that 's been used for however many years , and it 's still used by industry . Cos I did say earlier that universities are behind in terms of this momegliture and so is industry . So you still you still buy it it 's actually butile alcohol . But they 're now ca , they 're now catching up they 're now putting on the label its proper name . But Customs and Excise still call this industrial meths unless it 's pure etha , completely pure ethanol in other words , no water in it and then they can call it absolute alcohol but they do n't specify which alcohol it is look !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Got some they 've got some old terminology still around the organics , still in use around organics , it should be .
[F7UPSUNK]
And omit wherever you go .
[PS1MR]
Right , now this thing here what you have to e , do , have to do is to imagine that it 's an alkane with this oxygen containing group butane . Now , in this case , it does n't matter which one I use because they 're both exactly the same . This group here the general group , if I put O R and that R represents an alkyl the general name is alkoxy . If we specify what the R group is in this case , it 's a methile group this would be called methoxy so there 'll be methoxy group is the substituant . In this case without it this would be methane so this would actually be called methoxy methane . Some are chloro- methane is an sort o , an analogy . Methoxy methane . That 's where Stevie [ANONYMIZATION] gets his oxy oxy ethane bit from . Those of you who do biology , who does biology here ? Yeah , there 's always one or two . Those of you who do biology and have Stevie [ANONYMIZATION] if you 're ever ever bored silly right ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Like us
[PS1MR]
When you 're bored bored at other times , let's put it that way if he starts doing any bio-chemistry at all start as , start asking him about the proper names of the systematic names of things and you watch him bristle !
[F7UPSUNK]
He was talking about you yesterday .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah he was
[F7UPSUNK]
He said he thought [UNCLEAR] had you behind him .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Really ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What what did he say ? [UNCLEAR] , he says zappy !
[F7UPSUNK]
He said dappy slappy !
[PS1MR]
No , I was trying to say was
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh no !
[PS1MR]
I , I 'll talk to you about that later Emma actually . What I was trying to say was , if you 're really bored with him and he 's doing is , any form of bio-chemistry start asking him about the correct names , what are they ? Say it , you say it like that , what 's the correct name ? Cos straight away , yo , you 're implying that he 's wrong !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
And he really bristles ! His hair always stands up on end !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
It 's brilliant ! And he starts going oh oxy oxy methane , and he stamps his feet !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
It 's ever so funny ! It really is comical !
[F7UPSUNK]
So you should do it ?
[PS1MR]
That 's right . You have to get him wound down a bit , you have to do it , you know of a about half an hour or so ask him for the proper name ! It 's absolutely brilliant ! He goes mad !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
He 's [UNCLEAR] you see , bu but after about twenty minutes or so he loses touch with what 's what you 're actually doing and if , if you catch him just right he goes berserk ! It 's really funny !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Stamps his little feet !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
stamping feet
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Anyway he 's actually a good friend he knows I say these sort of things about him but erm it 's good !
[F7UPSUNK]
I 'm gon na tell him !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right , so this 'll be called
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
this will be called methoxy methane . Okay ? Now , that 's and example of functional group isomerism what I 'd like you to do now is to try and decide what these two things are called I 'm gon na put on the board and try and decide what you would call them in terms these general labels under structural isomerism . If I just draw the carbon skeleton . Oh no , I , I 'll put the hydros in for you as well because I 'm I 'm helpful like that ! It says so in my C V !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Right , now they 're both ethers try and name them first in naming them take the biggest hydro-carbon chunk that you can find and pretend that that was an alkane so the smaller chunk then becomes the substituant . So , for example , in that first one the longest chain you 've got is a three so it 's a derivative it 's an oxy derivative of propane . Once you 've got the names then decide what you think what type of isomerism you think it actually is . It 's really weird ! And I 'll give you the old name for it . Alright ?
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
methoxy pro propate .
[PS1MR]
Yeah exactly right ! The first one is methoxy propate in other words you 're saying , effectively , this group here was n't [UNCLEAR] the longest chain you can get is a propate . So you got a methoxy group [UNCLEAR] so this one
[F7UPSUNK]
Page six .
[PS1MR]
is methoxy propate . Now what about this one ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[F7UPSUNK]
Ethoxy ethate , exactly right ! Exactly right , well done !
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
These are some of the most difficult , well it is [UNCLEAR] compound that student 's do n't [UNCLEAR] are extremely difficult to name ! And the , they 're effectively fairly easy , do n't do much on them you wo n't , oh yeah , you meet ethers very much at all . There was a time , I can remember I was at school Cor !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Yes I can think that far back [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
So can Adam !
[PS1MR]
Yes !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
No , I think I find it easiest , I remember when I was at school and you ca n't remember when you were last at college on time !
[F7UPSUNK]
Ooh !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Exactly [UNCLEAR] ! Erm I can actually remember making ether as a practical I mean it 's something you would n't dare even think about doing now ! Cos the stuff 's actually lethal ! You know what I mean , it 's a narcotic it 'll send some of you more asleep than you already are ! Also it 's [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
it 's so inflammable you go anywhere near a naked flame sorry [UNCLEAR] flame
[F7UPSUNK]
What ?
[PS1MR]
you do n't even use you do n't even need to use a naked flame , you just need a hot surface like Matthew 's kneecap [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
And it ignites all on it 's own ! [UNCLEAR] a terrible state ! Also any of you go to university to do [UNCLEAR] , course you all will to some extent cos you love chemistry so much ! It sits here . We never ever distil ether without checking first that it does n't contain incompoundable peroxides , organic peroxides which contain this [UNCLEAR] and single bond [UNCLEAR] cos things explode !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah . [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
But yo , but luckily we had to check our bottles to make sure there 's no peroxides in them . That 's lethal stuff !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Anyway
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
now , what would you call it Jason ?
[F7UPSUNK]
I 'd call it functional group isomers .
[PS1MR]
Justification ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Because erm the actual functional group on the end it 's only just it 's only just been moved
[PS1MR]
What is the fu ah , but what is , it 's the wrong word ! What is the functional group ? I 'm not having a go at you , do n't be so sluggish ! What is the functional group in ether ? The functional group is a singly bonded option to two carbon atoms .
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[PS1MR]
Which you 've got in both .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
The methoxy and the ethoxy are not functional groups . It 's that arrangement of
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
saturated carbon oxygen saturated carbons that 's the functional group . Irrespective of ho , how many more carbons are attached to those two carbons . It 's tricky ! Erm uncle Stuart , long time no [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
What do you think Stuart ? What would you call it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Well the only thing is
[PS1MR]
Speak up !
[F7UPSUNK]
The only real thing that seems to be changing in [UNCLEAR] is the compound in position of the oxy [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Is this how you spoke in your interview then Stuart ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Yes , I 'm awfully glad to be here !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
God I 'm so excited at being able to come to study and
[F7UPSUNK]
That 's right .
[PS1MR]
do my degree , I can hardly wait !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh my God !
[F7UPSUNK]
That 's not fair !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
That 's not fair !
[F7UPSUNK]
Why , do you speak [UNCLEAR] and jog around [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
It would help ! It would help ! Calm down !
[F7UPSUNK]
Should have told him to his face .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Shut up !
[PS1MR]
Yes go on what you were saying .
[F7UPSUNK]
Er well you 've totally made me miss my train of thought ! Er
[PS1MR]
That was n't what you saying !
[F7UPSUNK]
Well you made me [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
You were saying , you were talking about positioning , about [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
You are moving the position of the oxygen [UNCLEAR] and although it is n't a er a er well no , [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] functional group [UNCLEAR] ?
[PS1MR]
No . The function group is the fact that it 's simply bonded to two carbons .
[F7UPSUNK]
And er
[PS1MR]
Which does n't really help .
[F7UPSUNK]
Would it , would it influence the er [UNCLEAR] compound by the [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
That 's right Stuart . The influence is the physical property but not the chemical one . Ethers are ethers are ethers .
[F7UPSUNK]
Would a methile influence in the same way ?
[PS1MR]
No .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Yeah , as I 've already said .
[F7UPSUNK]
Well then the carbons you get is
[PS1MR]
What he 's really saying is that he does n't know the answer to the question !
[F7UPSUNK]
Well I 've eliminated it 's impossible [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
I know you 're eliminating yeah and al and also eliminating half the brain cells in the room !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
This is still [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Is that it ?
[PS1MR]
Yes .
[F7UPSUNK]
he did actually say that .
[PS1MR]
Yeah , it is over now !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Back to normality ! No , I know what you 're saying er
[F7UPSUNK]
So it 's not a positional isomer .
[PS1MR]
It 's very difficult ! You ca n't really call it a positional isomer as such
[F7UPSUNK]
What about the bonding arrangement ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Is it an isomer because sort of
[PS1MR]
What ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Thank you .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
He 's doing A level maths right
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
there 's three there !
[F7UPSUNK]
Well there 's four , five , six , seven , eight , nine , ten hydrogens right [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Brian
[F7UPSUNK]
No !
[PS1MR]
Daniel
[F7UPSUNK]
Do it on your own !
[PS1MR]
Daniel , alright Daniel ca n't add up to ten !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Look I said
[F7UPSUNK]
Right wha [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Any of them could add up to ten !
[PS1MR]
Look , you see [UNCLEAR] there ah he 's got two different numbers of hydrogens up there !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , well put me down ! Cos I 'm in the right !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Well , there you are , that 's it !
[F7UPSUNK]
[F7UPSUNK]
Who can count up to ten ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Me .
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Without a calculator !
[PS1MR]
Without a calculator !
[F7UPSUNK]
It told you !
[PS1MR]
Right then
[F7UPSUNK]
That 's what [UNCLEAR] told me , [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
A level maths
[F7UPSUNK]
you could .
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh I do n't really [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
A level sums !
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Right , sums , the answer is
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
The answer is Matthew !
[F7UPSUNK]
Do you wan na keep it ?
[PS1MR]
Is that , you ca n't really
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
call it any of what
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
we 've seen up to now not with any with full sort of real erm
[F7UPSUNK]
B F D it 's called . [UNCLEAR] ai n't the first diploma B F D.
[PS1MR]
There is a word that 's used , there 's a term that 's used for this sort of effect this is the term it used to be called
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
Metamerism .
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's a worm . A worm .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
What 's a , what 's funny ? It 's a label that 's all ! There 's no joke there Chris !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , these people will laugh at anything today !
[PS1MR]
Well they 're su , they 're stupid boys that 's why !
[F7UPSUNK]
Say that again
[F7UPSUNK]
Can you slap
[F7UPSUNK]
then !
[F7UPSUNK]
all of them !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Can I slap all of them ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Mm .
[PS1MR]
You only have to slap this end and it passes along anyway !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , do it !
[PS1MR]
It wo n't do any damage cos Chris is in the middle ! You 're like a buffer !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Buffer .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] hair .
[F7UPSUNK]
Well [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Anyway , by the looks of it there wo n't a , there ai n't much longer at least I kept mine
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
for forty six years !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Mine 's [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Jus jus just brush it back , let's have a look see if there is anything in there !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Ca n't you brush it back together come on ! Good grief !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Cor ! It 's like looking at the mirror in n it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
A receding hair line is a sign of intelligence .
[PS1MR]
Thanks Al !
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Obviously [UNCLEAR] obviously it 's a genetic throwback with Chris , it 's not worked with him !
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh ! Ha ha ! Throw up , yeah !
[PS1MR]
Right
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
an [UNCLEAR] used to be called metermarism and I say , it 's not a word it 's not a term I 've seen on [UNCLEAR] for many many years and you do n't seen it many erm modern organic texts . I think it 's still around and they 've got ta call it something if erm if you think
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] word .
[PS1MR]
Right now ! Stereo-isomerism next exhausted icuma
[F7UPSUNK]
You ought to [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
Not a lot !
[PS1MR]
We 've exhausted the structural side of isomerism , now we can look at the stereo isomerism . Now the stereo isomerism is all about spatial chemistry , much more than just the way things are attached . Yes ? It 's not just the way the things are attached together , joined together it 's more about the actual space how they 're arranged in space but [UNCLEAR] . There are two forms of stereo isomerisms that we recognise and do n't forget , these labels are purely arbitrary . The first one is called geometrical isomerism in some books not that you ever read , will read any chemistry books but just in case you stumble over one day and fall flat on your face and there happens to be a chemistry text book open and you ha , just happen to read one or two of the words as you go unconscious and in Matthew 's case if you wake up !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Geometrical isomerism is sometimes , or has sometimes been called cis trans-isomerism . It 's not the right term to use not really . cis trans c i s and t r a n s . [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
They 're laughing again are they ? If go like this to Daniel you can slap them [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Do n't be like that !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] actually !
[F7UPSUNK]
You 're not allowed to slap !
[PS1MR]
You 're not allowed to slap them ? Why 's that ?
[F7UPSUNK]
My mum told me it was nude !
[PS1MR]
You 're mum told you [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah that 's that 's naughty !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Bet he 's gon na take [UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
Your mum told you what ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Yo , your mum told you to do it in the nude ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
I meant rude !
[PS1MR]
I was gon na say , when can I come round and see your mum ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Why is it rude to slap people Emma ? They deserve it !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
They 're boys !
[F7UPSUNK]
slap you .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Maybe I should see behind !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right geometrical isomerisms results when you have rotation about a bond axis prevented . If you draw a normal carbon carbon single bond which is a sigma bond what 's a sigma bond Daniel ?
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's where two
[PS1MR]
E T impression !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah like that .
[PS1MR]
Yeah end on overlap , lookalike Daniel but I I 'll take I could be quite insulting but there you are ! End on overlap of the . Now there 's free rotation about that carbon carbon axis . Now , the other type of overlap is lateral overlap where the is always o , overlapping that way and you try and rotate about that bond axis you 'll break the overlap . And any double bond will consist of a sigma bond and pie bond and because you 've got the pie bond there it then restricts rotation about that carbon carbon bond axis and providing you have different groups here different groups of , at each end or just one in there at both ends you can get two different isomers . When the groups are attached on the same side of the double bond , that shows we use prefix cis dash in front of the name . So you 've named it systematically and then looked to see where the , the various groups were and put cis in front if you had that arrangement . If they 're opposite to each other the same type of idea , you 've named it just one in If you draw is
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
it used to be a rom of calcite or or a prism of calcite which will do the job . Nowadays , they have , obviously sca synthetic polymers which would be er much more easier the same sort of thing as they have in sunglasses . So the light that actually comes out will be vibrating in specific planes , but not all planes every plane in [UNCLEAR] . It will then go through a container now that container , ultimately , will contain this is why it 's called a container ! Will ultimately go through the solution that you 're looking at , in terms of optical activity it comes out t' other end , cos light tends to do that , you know it 'll come t' other end and at this end , after going through a length system etcetera , will be a an eyeball .
[F7UPSUNK]
Just one ?
[PS1MR]
Just one . Very difficult to look through to through a lens with two eyeballs at the same time ! Unless they are pre-mensile eyes you know , they sort of they come out , sort of go down together and be just above the actual eyelid . Thank you for that philosophical thought [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's alright .
[PS1MR]
Now , the way you use it , it varies one way to use it is to start with this empty and you 'll find that this end here , the actual eyepiece can be rotated , it has a scale like as in fish , Stuart .
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Sorry ! You know the lines .
[F7UPSUNK]
Or as in weighing you could have picked weighing scales as an example could n't you ?
[PS1MR]
Weighing scales .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Weighing scales !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Do n't you [UNCLEAR] the balance Stuart ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Weighing scales ah well that 's sad !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
That 's really sad !
[F7UPSUNK]
Can I just talk to you about them ones ?
[PS1MR]
I 'd do n't do that again ! After I 've heard their conversation for God 's sake you know , have a bit of heart ! Yes , that 's what it means , it means weighing scales . What he meant was a balance .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Erm right if this you 're enjoying this Mark are n't you ? Du n no why , they 'll start me off now ! There are various ways of using them one way , to look through which yo , which you have to to see the light , you know , otherwise you wo n't see it !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Yes , Daniel it 's true ! Do n't gasp in surprise ! You do actually have to look through to see the light coming out !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
You look through and you rotate that eyepiece until you 've either got maximum brightness cos you got a second polaroid system in there as well you see you either get maximum brightness or complete darkness . What you then do make a note of that all that , as I read it to you what you then do is to put your solution into that container you have to otherwise it comes out the ends ! Put your solution into that container , that solution is of a known concentration this path then is also known Matthew ! This path then is also known and in terms of accurate work , they also know the temperature now I 'm not sure if there 's a temperature effect on rotation , but it would n't surprise me if there was . Anyway you then look through it with the solution in and you 'll find that if , for example , you started off with it completely dark you 'll find it 's then grey cos the plane of light 's been rotated , now it 's where there was no light getting through now some of it is actually getting through , cos it 's been rotated . And so you then rotate the eyepiece , Christopher ! You then rotate the eyepiece
[F7UPSUNK]
I was trying !
[PS1MR]
Yes but Danny 's talking !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
It 's Danny 's turn !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Well shut up then !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Oh God ! You then rotate , oh look at this ! I really hate you Danny ! Listen to this !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
He 's totally [UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
You then rotate the eyepiece so you get back to the condition that you had before . So if you started off in complete darkness you rotate until you get complete darkness or the opposite . And you measure the angle through which you 've had to turn to get to that position , and which direction you 've had to turn it through or rather , which direction the light had been rotated through . Yeah ? And that gives you , something called , specific rotation which will be a constant for those conditions indicated and for that substance . Now , one of them will rotate to the right , one will rotate to the left what you need to be able to do is to identify the condition that will give that give rise to optical isomers , in other words , to be able to say yes , that molecule will have optical isomers . Optical isomers are sometimes called inentiamorse if you have trouble with language then we 'll call them inantipas if you 're a biologist you call them optical isomers .
[F7UPSUNK]
Actually we was just saying that .
[PS1MR]
That was just malicious !
[F7UPSUNK]
Slander !
[PS1MR]
Yep !
[F7UPSUNK]
What does it mean ?
[PS1MR]
What slander ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No , inantiamorse or whatever it 's called ?
[PS1MR]
That 's the name for optical isomers . It 's the posh name for it 's the one that chemist use ! You know , optical isomers , alright ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
methane is punity [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Right now you must be able to recognise in , either a structural formula or a condensed formula you must be able to recognise existence of what is called and asymmetric centre if you are a chemist kiral centre if you are a super chemist if you are a biologist an atom bonded to different ones . That 's assuming there 's biologist and chemist ! [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
Ha ha ha ha ha ha !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
I 'm a bush .
[F7UPSUNK]
Aye ?
[F7UPSUNK]
That is a bush .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Does look strange !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
so what you 're looking for in any formula shush daddy 's talking Matthew ! What you 're looking in any formula say from a carbon compound you would be looking for that was bonded to four different groups , it does n't matter what the groups are , it does n't matter how big , how small they are
[F7UPSUNK]
And that one as well ?
[PS1MR]
but they 're bonded to different groupings so , for example , if one had something like this er , let's call that see three , page seven if I had something like that that central carbon there and when they draw these things at an exam paper , do n't expect it to be the central one . I could 've actually drawn this quite differently and maybe one of the carbons of [UNCLEAR] on the side yeah ? That carbon that I 've got in the centre now and the convention is to use a little star .
[F7UPSUNK]
Ah !
[PS1MR]
That 's definitely bent !
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Put two in here er , I get that sort of Christmassy spirit building up
[F7UPSUNK]
Brandy vodka
[F7UPSUNK]
Brandy ?
[F7UPSUNK]
On the Christmas pudding !
[F7UPSUNK]
I thought it was a fairy !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Pardon ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Get the [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
I never !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
He said brandy .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
[UNCLEAR] little heart , bless her ! What 's the , oh ! No I wo n't ask !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Do n't so we use a little star on the atom , and it may not always be carbon , cos we do n't get this sort of isomerism , indeed , like compounds as well . Use a little star to indicate which is the asymmetric centre which kiral centre and all it means is that if you were to dra , if you had a a kiral molecule in other words , it had four different groups attached to it what it means is that it and it 's mirror image , this is the way you actually draw it and answer the questions you draw you draw it as if there was a mirror image . That 's why it 's damn tricky to do it ! You draw it to show that it has a mirror image so what you find in practice is that it and it 's mirror image are not superimposable . In other words like your hands and feet etcetera they 're mirror
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
images you ca n't thank you [UNCLEAR] they 're mirror images that you ca n't superimpose . You ca n't even superimpose to that extent cos they 're slightly different ca n't even superimpose that [UNCLEAR] my fingers ca n't superimpose [UNCLEAR] cos they 're slightly different . You actually make up a structure like this tetraneedle carbon we did have another one but er , obviously there 's some students have erm decided to do something different with the er things that 's all that 's left !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Not funny Kieran ! Here I 'm holding hand , model , model hand ! Here I am holding a model of a tetraneedle carbon in four different groups of ten and here is it 's mirror image .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's been a [UNCLEAR] !
[PS1MR]
It was ! Honest ! That was it 's mirror image !
[F7UPSUNK]
So that 's been changed out of that .
[PS1MR]
Pardon ?
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right , and there 's not really enough ! I mean got ta pretend there 's another one of these there ! But there would of been ! There 's it 's mirror image and what you will find is that you can superimpose side by side and two , any two of those atoms there those groups but then , straight away the other two are out of position the other two have reversed . So if I take this one and put this one I can superimpose the red straight away I 've superimposed a group , but look the blue and re , and the white are out .
[F7UPSUNK]
Ah !
[PS1MR]
Watch , see it goes . Can you see that ?
[F7UPSUNK]
No .
[PS1MR]
It 's sad in n it ? Or I can superimpose the green one
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Notice now that the white one the two white ones are superimposed but now look the two reds and the two blues are now not superimposed any longer . That 's what we mean by non-superimposed [UNCLEAR] . Tracey 's trying to work out how a , bless her ! I know I 've only got one left , yeah .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
But it would have been a [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , shut up !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh , I 'm tired !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
So optical isomerism results [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
[F7UPSUNK]
[PS1MR]
Optical isomerism results when a structure and it 's mirror image are non-superimposable . Right ?
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
This takes us to four fifteen . I know that cos it says so on here .
[F7UPSUNK]
It might be wrong !
[PS1MR]
What I wanted to do today was to start to talk about mechanisms but I think I 've exhausted my erm what 's the word I 'm looking for ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Pardon ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Ooh !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
What was that ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Pardon ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Gangrene .
[PS1MR]
I did n't hear you then ! What we 'll do is we 'll leave it at that , that does n't mean your going anywhere ! Now , are there any aspects about the isomerism you want clarifying apart from the whole lot ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Do that one again .
[F7UPSUNK]
That last one you just did I did n't understand a word
[F7UPSUNK]
No .
[F7UPSUNK]
of that !
[PS1MR]
Well the thing to do maybe I should have a word with him .
[F7UPSUNK]
Well I understand where you got that
[PS1MR]
Now be subtle about it !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Your explanation was a load of crap mate !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
No , Danny , I want to know about it right ? But I do n't understand what you just said then .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Ooh , now you 've made him mad !
[F7UPSUNK]
Ooh ooh ooh !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
I needed some [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Tones really with his shirt !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Can he turn greener than his shirt !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Can you specifically make a different erm er optical isomers .
[PS1MR]
You can to some extent
[F7UPSUNK]
What about
[PS1MR]
When you
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
When the [UNCLEAR] chemical reactions very often the two that are produced erm well usually , when you ca , come into reactions and materials that are produced are a mixture of both isomers . In other words , usually the chemistry is non selective . Yeah ? If both isomers are being formed . Tha , that by the way , is called a racenate or the
[F7UPSUNK]
Is this
[PS1MR]
racemic mixture .
[F7UPSUNK]
A what a r racenate ?
[PS1MR]
A racenate , r a c e n a t e or racemic mixture .
[F7UPSUNK]
What about this [UNCLEAR] though ?
[PS1MR]
Hang on ! That 's , that 's geometrical .
[F7UPSUNK]
Said , yeah , but you can have [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
To some extent you can , yeah .
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's a mixture of the [UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
But with optical
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
you try to produce a particular isomer , what you normally
[F7UPSUNK]
Have you [UNCLEAR] ?
[PS1MR]
get is the
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
racemic mixture in other words , both are there but it has no ah !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Both are there but it has no effect on plane polarised light , for instance , like , as if one of them is trying to rotate it to the left by so many degrees and the other one is rotating to the right by the said the amount . So that they , they can only [UNCLEAR] twenty .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
What we can do now we can use systems to , once we 've got the racemic mixture we can use systems to separate that racemic mixture . We can also use biological systems to separate them because biological systems , like protein synthesis and things like that are very selective in terms of the one they the , the isomer they will pick up . If they do happen to pick up the wrong isomer erm , these isomers by the way , you 'll find things put in front of them like you often find a little d or a little l in front of the name it means dextarosatory rotated to the right and leverosatory
[F7UPSUNK]
Lever ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Alright , I 'll get out the way then !
[PS1MR]
leverosatory rotating to the left you find these this prefix appearing in front of a name if it 's the compound is optically active . If it 's a racemic mixture you sometimes find saying that both are there . Biological systems tend to normally pick up a particular isomer in most cases , if they pick up the wrong one it will affect , for example the protein chain it will affect , ultimately , its three dimensional structure and therefore , it 's function . Now , it may or not me noticeable if it 's a minor alteration in the surface geometry then it may be so slight as to make no difference in the way it performs so if , for example , it 's an enzyme it may not affect it at all . But in some cases the having a different isomer can affect the three dimensional properties in such a way that it will no longer function efficiently as an enzyme as a catalyst to the reaction it 's supposed to catalyse then you start to get problems . So some genetic problems are a result or a , shown to be the result of a wrong amino acid being incorporated into the protein chain and therefore repricated and on and on and on . But we can now use biological systems to actually separate them and actually select particular isomers . But normally chemically speaking , when a particular reaction takes ta , careful of those Emma ! Emma ! Take the pen out of your nose dear , thank you !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
She 's now sucking the end of the pen !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
At least it was n't stuck up the bum !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Erm chemically speaking , if you carry out a reaction which can produce an optically active compound , you would normally the recenate and then you have to separate by either chemical method or the physical method and it 's usually not very easy . If you 're gon na separate chemically , say for example , you produced erm an organic acid which is optically active the things you would normally have to do is to use a base to make the salt of , you know , you make the two optically salt and then separate them by a thing such as fractional crystallisation and then we generate the acid afterwards very very tricky ! Not as tricky as the original one this effect was discovered , I think , by Pasteur in tartaric acid and he happened to notice , he had a proper tartaric acid crystals . That 's the sort of question to ask Stevie [ANONYMIZATION] , by the way he says tartaric acid , ask him for it 's proper chemical name .
[F7UPSUNK]
What is it ?
[PS1MR]
I du n no .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
It loops it goes down a bit . Anyway he happened to notice , God knows how , like , cos this cry , the crystals you used were quite small ! He happened to notice that there were crystals which appeared to be mirror images of each other . And so , it goes beyond the actual molecular stage if you can have this compound in crystallised form , as you can most though you might have to reduce the temperature or whatever , but then all is gone gone crystalline eventually you 'll find their crystals are also mirror images and what he actually did , he painstakingly picked out crystals which were of one particular shape as opposed to the other , he actually separated all the crystals physically by using tweezers and then found that they ha , you know , the two [UNCLEAR] had a different affect on plane polarised light . Incredible ! Now , in answer to your [UNCLEAR] question Christopher
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
I 've now made single handedly cos I 'm like that single handed !
[F7UPSUNK]
You did n't have one ready or anything ?
[PS1MR]
I did , but some students took it bits ! I now have a molecule of this there it was there again , now it 's back in again [UNCLEAR] and out now they 're gone now they 're back !
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's magic !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
What I have here is are mirror images alright ? Complete mirror images , yes ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Now , you find that those mirror images are not superimposable so I can in order to superimpose the red and the white if only I can on doing that , straight away the blue and the green are non-superimposable . So those two things would be optical isomers one would rotate the plane of polarised light to the left the other would rotate the plane of polarised light to the right .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Cor , [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Trying to [UNCLEAR] up it .
[PS1MR]
Yeah ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah I think I got that .
[PS1MR]
Any other questions ? Price of fish , meaning of life ? When you 've finished the class ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What is erm erm , the meaning of life ?
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
Can we do it ?
[PS1MR]
Thirty eight and half . Thirty eight point five .
[F7UPSUNK]
The meaning of life ?
[PS1MR]
Yeah !
[F7UPSUNK]
No , it 's forty two .
[F7UPSUNK]
Forty two .
[PS1MR]
Thirty eight point five . I have it on good assurance [UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
It 's thirty two .
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
He thinks your mad !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
[UNCLEAR] actually !
[PS1MR]
Any other er , du n no where you 're going , it 's not time yet !
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[PS1MR]
Let's spin this out to the last possible second .
[F7UPS000]
[UNCLEAR]
[F7UPSUNK]
It means , like thirty eight point five [UNCLEAR] .
[F7UPSUNK]
I know !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right , any other questions about what we 've done today ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Oh !
[F7UPSUNK]
Nuclear cis trans can you have , say , with two b's and one carbon ?
[PS1MR]
Can what ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Can you have the two b b's and one carbon ?
[PS1MR]
No , because then you wo n't get isomers . That wo n't be ota , they wo n't be erm geometrical isomers . Now if you , and if you rotate one
[F7UPSUNK]
oh yeah it 's in
[PS1MR]
you get the other one .
[F7UPSUNK]
positional in n it ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[F7UPSUNK]
You keep changing the carbon .
[PS1MR]
Anything else ?
[F7UPSUNK]
I must just say to yo , you 're dying to ask , like what he 's doing over the corner ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Not a lot !
[PS1MR]
I , I feel sorry for you , you mis , obviously a second time being in contact with Daniel !
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah , he is quite a shock ! Kenton knows
[PS1MR]
Kenton 's a real
[F7UPSUNK]
He still does nothing !
[PS1MR]
That 's right ! He was talking about you before you came out actually .
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
He was !
[F7UPSUNK]
You should have been here early Kenton I missed your presence !
[F7UPSUNK]
Excuse me !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
Right , anybody else at all ?
[F7UPSUNK]
What 's that noise ?
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
That 's on B B C one .
[F7UPSUNK]
What 's that noise ? It sounds like a cat when it plays up !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
I worry about you sometimes Emma ! I I really do worry about you ! Who saw the Mary Whitehouse Experience [UNCLEAR] ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Yeah .
[PS1MR]
Who saw Kermit vomiting in his pint glass !
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
I did n't !
[PS1MR]
Really the only thing I was disappointed about is that he did n't drink it again !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
If that had been a true man he 'd have drunk it again afterwards !
[F7UPSUNK]
But he 's not a man !
[PS1MR]
Waste not want not !
[F7UPS000]
[PS1MR]
That 's very true ! But he thinks he 's a man does n't he ?
[F7UPSUNK]
Kermit 's a transsexual .
[F7UPS000]
[F7UPSUNK]
Emma knows that ! [UNCLEAR] !
[F7UPSUNK]
I think we leave now [UNCLEAR] .
[PS1MR]
I think that 's probably a very good place to leave ! Thank you for allowing me to [UNCLEAR] . [UNCLEAR] .